Laparoscopic Vs Open Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Review of Surgical Outcomes and Patient Recovery

Author(s): Muhammad Saqlain, Ali Raza, Moaz Younis, Lyba Zahid, Arbab Ahmed Faraz, Amala Khan, Muhammad Albaz Khan Chandia, Adeel-ur-Rehman

Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for gallbladder diseases, including cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. The traditional open cholecystectomy (OC) has been replaced in the majority of clinical contexts by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), which has become the gold standard due to advancements in minimally invasive surgery. This review evaluates the surgical outcomes, complications, patient recovery, cost-effectiveness, and long-term results of LC and OC. A comprehensive analysis of both approaches is conducted to optimize patient care and guide clinical decision-making by examining the current literature. This study examines the relative efficacy of laparoscopic versus open surgery in abdominal procedures, focusing on patient recovery, complication rates, and overall surgical results. The study, which took place at Netrokona Medical College from January 2023 to December 2024, included 112 patients who were split into two groups: one group had laparoscopic surgery and the other had open surgery. Some of the most important things that were measured were pain after surgery, time to recovery, length of stay in the hospital, and complications. The results showed that laparoscopic surgery had far superior results. Patients in this group had less pain after surgery (mean score: 2.1 vs. 4.3), healed faster (returned to normal activities in 6.8 days vs. 10.5 days), and stayed in the hospital for less time (3.2 days vs. 5.6 days) than those who had open surgery. The laparoscopic group also had a much reduced complication rate (12% vs. 22%) and a better patient satisfaction rate (85% vs. 70%). The statistical analysis validated the importance of these changes, with p-values demonstrating robust confidence in the findings. The study finds that laparoscopic surgery leads to better patient outcomes, making it a better choice than open surgery for abdominal treatments.