This literature review brings together in a single document all the knowledge on the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in the water compartment of mangrove ecosystems. Several articles have been browsed in order to highlight the main sources of antibiotic resistance. Several articles were reviewed in order to highlight the main sources of antibiotic resistance in this part of the mangrove ecotone. Our results show that the sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in mangrove waters are either natural or anthropogenic. Many phenotypes and genotypes of antibiotic resistance have already been identified in this environment. Phenotypes such as Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas sp.; Serratia sp.; Klebsiella sp.; Pseudomonas sp.; E. coli or Vibrio sp.) resistant to Augmentin (AUG) and Gentamicin (GEN) or Enterococcus faecalis resistance to vancomycin. Furthermore, β-lactam resistance genes (blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-8) may be associated with Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) such as the IncI1 plasmid. This confirms that anthropogenic pressures contribute to amplifying the reservoir of antibiotic resistance in mangrove waters, which may pose a threat to human health. Finally, much work remains to be done in these environments, particularly in African countries and in monitoring seasonal changes in ARGs and MGEs in ecosystems.